466 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
466 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: email-infrastructure
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description: >-
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Gmail IMAP/SMTP with App Passwords, +aliasing (sub-addressing), mail.tm
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fallback, and Python email automation patterns. Use when setting up email
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accounts, IMAP/SMTP access, or any email automation task.
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category: infrastructure
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tags:
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- email
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- gmail
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- imap
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- smtp
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- python
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iron_laws:
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- ALWAYS use Python (execute_code) for IMAP/SMTP — it's faster and more
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convenient than terminal.
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- NEVER put spaces in App Password in code — 16 chars contiguous.
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hard_gates:
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- Gmail App Password must be generated at myaccount.google.com/apppasswords
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before IMAP/SMTP access.
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red_flags:
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- DNS failures in sandbox — DO NOT DEBUG. Skip straight to direct-IP connection
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(see Direct IP Fallback below). User loses patience after 3+ DNS calls.
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- App Password used for REST API — will fail, needs OAuth2.
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- Sixoner ChatGPT Team accounts are NOT mailboxes — they're OpenAI auth tokens
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(see references/sixoner-accounts.md). Use for API access, not IMAP/SMTP.
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---
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# Email Infrastructure
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Use when: setting up email accounts, IMAP/SMTP access, Gmail App Passwords,
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+aliasing, mail.tm, email automation, or user says "настрой почту",
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"суб почты", "email для регистраций", "проверь почты", "найди рабочие",
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"почты+пароль", "mail pass", "combo check".
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## Gmail App Password Setup
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1. User goes to https://myaccount.google.com/apppasswords
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2. Logs in with main password
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3. Selects "Mail" → "Other (ENI)" → generates
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4. App Password: 16 lowercase chars, 4 groups of 4 (spaces for display only)
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5. Use WITHOUT spaces in code
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## IMAP via Python
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```python
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import imaplib, email
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from email.header import decode_header
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m = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com', 993)
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m.login('user@gmail.com', '16charapppassword')
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m.select('INBOX')
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_, data = m.search(None, 'ALL')
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ids = data[0].split()
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for mid in ids[-5:]:
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_, msg = m.fetch(mid, '(BODY[HEADER.FIELDS (SUBJECT FROM DATE)])')
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print(msg[0][1].decode('utf-8', errors='replace'))
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m.logout()
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```
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### IMAP Search Patterns
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- `m.search(None, 'TO', 'user+tag@gmail.com')` — by recipient
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- `m.search(None, 'TO', 'user+tag')` — by localpart only (NO @domain) — **MORE RELIABLE for Gmail +aliasing**
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- `m.search(None, 'FROM', '"sender@domain.com"')` — by sender
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- `m.search(None, 'SUBJECT', '"keyword"')` — by subject
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- `m.search(None, 'UNSEEN')` — unread only
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- `m.search(None, 'SINCE', '01-Jun-2026')` — since date
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### Curl IMAP (when Python imaplib unavailable/having issues)
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Gmail IMAP via curl with IP pinning — bypasses DNS issues in sandboxed environments:
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```bash
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# Search by TO localpart (without @gmail.com — more reliable for +aliases)
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curl -s -u '[REDACTED-EMAIL]:[REDACTED]' \
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--connect-to 'imap.gmail.com:993:[REDACTED-IP]:993' \
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'imaps://imap.gmail.com/INBOX' -X 'SEARCH TO user+tag'
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# Fetch email body by ID
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curl -s -u '[REDACTED-EMAIL]:[REDACTED]' \
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--connect-to 'imap.gmail.com:993:[REDACTED-IP]:993' \
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'imaps://imap.gmail.com/INBOX;MAILINDEX=1234;SECTION=TEXT'
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```
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Extract verification code from HTML body: `grep -oP '\b[a-f0-9]{6}\b|\b\d{6}\b'`
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## SMTP via Python
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```python
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import smtplib
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from email.mime.text import MIMEText
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msg = MIMEText("body")
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msg['Subject'] = 'subject'
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msg['From'] = 'user@gmail.com'
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msg['To'] = 'recip@domain.com'
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with smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465, timeout=10) as s:
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s.login('user@gmail.com', '16charapppassword')
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s.send_message(msg)
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```
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## Gmail +aliasing (Sub-addressing)
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`user+anything@gmail.com` automatically delivers to `user@gmail.com`.
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No creation needed — works instantly. Filter in IMAP by `TO` header.
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Standard sub-addresses:
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```
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user+bot@gmail.com → Automation, cron
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user+reg@gmail.com → Registrations
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user+test@gmail.com → Testing
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user+notify@gmail.com → Notifications
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user+api@gmail.com → API/webhooks
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user+spam@gmail.com → Throwaway signups
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user+backup@gmail.com → Logs/backups
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user+finance@gmail.com → Banks/exchanges
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```
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## mail.tm (Fallback)
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When Gmail unavailable or need disposable inbox:
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- API-based account/inbox creation
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- Domains: web-library.net, etc.
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- IMAP/SMTP via mail.tm servers
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- Inboxes live ~48h without renewal
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- JWT токен живёт ~10 минут
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**Rate limiting:**
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- После ~5-10 быстрых запросов возвращает 429 Too Many Requests
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- Rate limit сбрасывается через ~30 секунд
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- Использовать exponential backoff: `time.sleep(2 ** attempt)` между попытками
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- Рекомендуется не более 1 аккаунта в 2-3 секунды
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## Pitfalls
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1. App Password ONLY for IMAP/SMTP — REST API needs OAuth2.
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2. Spaces in password are for human reading — strip them in code.
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3. **DNS broken in sandbox → use direct IP IMMEDIATELY.** Don't debug.
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See Direct IP Fallback below.
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4. Gmail IMAP limit: ~2500 queries/day. Don't spam `fetch()`.
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5. mail.tm inboxes expire ~48h. Renew or use Gmail for persistence.
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6. **Domain whitelist**: Some services (e.g., aiqianshu) whitelist only major
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email providers. Always test ONE temp-mail registration before bulk —
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if you see "email domain name whitelist" error, switch to Gmail +aliasing.
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7. **App Password expiry**: Gmail App Passwords can stop working (AUTHENTICATIONFAILED).
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When user gets `[AUTHENTICATIONFAILED] Invalid credentials`, don't debug —
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just ask for a fresh password from myaccount.google.com/apppasswords.
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The old one was likely revoked.
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8. **User insists password still works**: When user says \"он не сдох\" and the password
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objectively fails IMAP, SMTP, AND POP3 — test ALL THREE protocols in one shot and
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show the combined error output. Don't just repeat \"it's broken\" — show the triple
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failure evidence. Then immediately pivot to offering a concrete next step (generate
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new app password, use browser-based email reading, or find alternative access).
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9. **aiqianshu registration POST rate limit SHARED**: Browser POST and API POST count toward
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the SAME 429 budget. Only browser send-code is exempt. Strategy: send ALL codes via
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browser first (unlimited), then register via API at ≤2 per 15 minutes. Measured cooldown:
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endpoints returned 429 consistently at 30s, 60s, and 180s retry delays — full reset requires
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5-15 minutes. Proxies needed for bulk (50+). Without proxies, 5-min cron job + browser
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code-sending yields 8-12 accounts/hr. See references/aiqianshu-registration.md.
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10. **API key unmasking**: NewAPI-based services return masked keys from `/api/token/` listing.
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Use `POST /api/token/batch/keys {"ids":[<token_id>]}` with `New-Api-User: <user_id>` header
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and session cookie to get the full unmasked key. One call per token.
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11. **React form filling**: Hermes `browser_type` is required for React-controlled inputs.
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JS `nativeSetter.call(el, value)` + `el.dispatchEvent(new Event('input'))` does NOT
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trigger React's synthetic onChange — the button stays disabled. Always use `browser_type`.
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12. **Concurrent IMAP deadlock**: Running multiple Python scripts that each open their own
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IMAP connection to the same Gmail account works fine (connection pool). But killing a
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background process that holds an IMAP connection may leave the connection half-open for
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up to 30 minutes (Gmail IMAP timeout). New scripts may hang on `mail.login()` during
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this window. Fix: wait 30s after killing IMAP-using processes before starting new ones.
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13. **Proxy rotation for rate limits**: When a service rate-limits POSTs per IP, each proxy
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gets its own budget. Browser sends codes for N accounts, then N proxy processes register
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in parallel. 2 proxies = 2 accounts per rate-limit window = ~4-6/min throughput.
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See `references/proxy-rate-limit-bypass.md` for working proxies and script pattern.
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14. **ShardX anti-detect browser available**: 170 fingerprint profiles + proxy-per-profile
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for full browser automation without rate limits. Installed (v0.1.11) but needs first-time
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launch debugging before production use. See `references/proxy-rate-limit-bypass.md`.
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15. **Variable shadowing `email`**: NEVER name a variable `email` when `import email` is used.
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The local variable shadows the module, causing `email.message_from_bytes()` →
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`AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'message_from_bytes'`. Use `mail`, `email_addr`,
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or alias the import: `import email as eml`.
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## IMAP Connection Pool (High-Throughput)
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When reading verification codes for bulk registrations (50+ accounts),
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a single IMAP connection is a bottleneck. Use a thread-safe Queue pool:
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```python
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from queue import Queue
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class IMAPPool:
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def __init__(self, user, app_pass, size=8):
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self.pool = Queue(maxsize=size)
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for _ in range(size):
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mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
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mail.login(user, app_pass)
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mail.select('INBOX')
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self.pool.put(mail)
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def get(self): return self.pool.get()
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def put(self, mail): self.pool.put(mail)
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def close_all(self):
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while not self.pool.empty():
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try: self.pool.get_nowait().logout()
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except: pass
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```
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Each registration thread borrows a connection, searches for its code,
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returns the connection. 8 connections = ~8x throughput on code extraction.
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## Gmail +aliasing for Unlimited Registrations
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`user+anything@gmail.com` → all delivered to `user@gmail.com`.
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Zero setup, infinite accounts. Filter by TO header in IMAP.
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**Proven pattern** (50+ accounts on aiqianshu):
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```python
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for i in range(1, 51):
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alias = f"user+aq{i:04d}@gmail.com"
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# Register with alias → code arrives in main inbox
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code = get_code_imap(alias) # search by TO header
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# Complete registration → new API key
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```
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### Case-variant aliasing (when service bans BOTH `+` and `.`)
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Some services reject sub-addressing AND dot-aliases entirely (error
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`REGISTRATION_EMAIL_LOCAL_PART_NOT_ALLOWED` — «@前不能包含+或.») while still whitelisting
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`@gmail.com`. Gmail treats the local part as **case-insensitive**, so `[REDACTED-NAME]@gmail.com`
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is a unique string to the service but delivers to the same inbox:
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```python
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import random
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def gen_case_alias(local, used):
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letters = [i for i, c in enumerate(local) if c.isalpha()]
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while True:
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up = set(random.sample(letters, random.randint(1, 3)))
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alias = ''.join(c.upper() if i in up else c for i, c in enumerate(local)) + "@gmail.com"
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if alias not in used and alias != local + "@gmail.com":
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used.add(alias); return alias
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```
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Yield: 2^N−2 variants for N letters (proven on jiji.cc 2026-09-21: send-code accepted,
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OTP delivered, registration succeeded). **OTP freshness pitfall**: with case aliases you
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canNOT filter by TO header (envelope TO normalization is unreliable) — filter UNSEEN
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messages by parsed `Date` header (`email.utils.parsedate_to_datetime`) newer than
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send-time − 120s, or you'll grab a stale code from a previous test run and get
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`INVALID_VERIFY_CODE`. The same stale-code hazard hits `+alias` flows when one mailbox
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serves many sequential registrations: match the RAW message bytes for the exact alias
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suffix (`b'+tag7' in raw`) instead of sender/subject — sibling aliases share both.
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Also guard the fetch result before indexing: `if not msg or not isinstance(msg[0], tuple): continue`
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— imaplib returns `[None]` for vanished/flagged ids and blind `msg[0][1]` raises
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TypeError mid-poll. Details: `ai-provider-autoreg` → `references/jiji-cc-autoreg.md`.
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## Credential Registry
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All email credentials centralized: `~/AppData/Local/hermes/memories/CREDENTIALS.md`
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Read this first before setting up any new email account — avoid duplicates.
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## Non-Gmail Provider IMAP Checking
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Большинство IMAP-провайдеров (не Gmail) требуют **кастомного SSL контекста** — стандартный `imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(host)` часто падает с `ssl.SSLCertVerificationError`.
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**Рабочий паттерн для любого провайдера:**
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```python
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import imaplib, ssl
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ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
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ctx.check_hostname = False
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ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
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mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.provider.com', 993, ssl_context=ctx, timeout=10)
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mail.login('email@provider.com', 'password')
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```
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**t-online.de (Deutsche Telekom) — частый гость в дампах:**
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- IMAP: `imap.t-online.de:993`
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- SSL: кастомный контекст (см. выше) — обязателен
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- Логин: полный email
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- Hit rate: 80-100% на свежих дампах (проверено 25/25)
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- См. [references/t-online-de-imap.md](references/t-online-de-imap.md)
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**Другие не-Gmail провайдеры:**
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Полный IMAP_MAP (80+ провайдеров) — в [references/bulk-imap-checker.md](references/bulk-imap-checker.md).
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Ключевое отличие от Gmail: почти все требуют кастомного SSL контекста.
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Также см. `bulk-account-registration` → `references/multi-provider-imap-servers.md` — Python-словарь IMAP_SERVERS с 50+ провайдерами и паттерном `check_one()`. Готовый к copy-paste в любой скрипт проверки.
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## Proxy bypass
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Когда системный прокси мёртв (ERR_PROXY_CONNECTION_FAILED, ERR_TUNNEL_CONNECTION_FAILED):
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**curl:**
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```bash
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curl -sL --noproxy "*" "https://example.com" --max-time 15
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```
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**Python requests:**
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```python
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import requests
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r = requests.get('https://example.com', proxies={'http': '', 'https': ''}, timeout=15)
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```
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Не трать время на диагностику прокси — если он не работает, сразу используй `--noproxy "*"` / `proxies={'http': '', 'https': ''}` и двигайся дальше.
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## Rate Limiting на не-Gmail провайдерах
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У t-online.de и аналогичных провайдеров более агрессивный rate limiting, чем у Gmail:
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- 3-5 неудачных попыток → блокировка IP на 1-5 минут
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- 20+ неудач → блокировка на 15-30 минут
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- После успешного логина счётчик сбрасывается
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- Для массовой проверки нужны прокси + задержки
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## Reference Files
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- [references/gmail-imap-smtp-cheat.md](references/gmail-imap-smtp-cheat.md) — full Python code templates
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- [references/sixoner-accounts.md](references/sixoner-accounts.md) — 27 ChatGPT Team tokens (not mailboxes, OpenAI API auth)
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- [references/aiqianshu-registration.md](references/aiqianshu-registration.md) — aiqianshu bulk registration patterns, domain whitelist, API endpoints
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- [references/proxy-rate-limit-bypass.md](references/proxy-rate-limit-bypass.md) — proxy rotation to bypass POST rate limits, working proxies, ShardX setup
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- [references/bulk-imap-checker.md](references/bulk-imap-checker.md) — mass IMAP credential validation: multi-threaded checker, 80+ provider IMAP map, dump file merger/dedup patterns, background process pitfalls
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- [references/t-online-de-imap.md](references/t-online-de-imap.md) — t-online.de IMAP specifics: custom SSL, batch checking, rate limiting, and verified combo examples (2026-06-23: 25/25 alive)
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- [references/html-otp-parsing.md](references/html-otp-parsing.md) — extracting the right OTP from HTML emails when multiple 6-digit candidates appear
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16. **Old credential dumps have near-zero hit rate** — When user provides email:password dumps from 2024 or earlier, expect 0-3% alive rate on IMAP check. 0/5000 working is a normal result, not a bug. Don't spend hours debugging the checker — the data is dead. Merge, deduplicate, check a sample, and report honestly. See `references/bulk-imap-checker.md` for the full pipeline.
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## Direct IP Fallback (when DNS broken in sandbox)
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Gmail IMAP IPs (resolve once via `nslookup imap.gmail.com 8.8.8.8` if stale):
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- `[REDACTED-IP]`, `[REDACTED-IP]`, `[REDACTED-IP]`, `[REDACTED-IP]`
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- `[REDACTED-IP]`, `[REDACTED-IP]`, `[REDACTED-IP]`, `[REDACTED-IP]`
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```python
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import imaplib, socket, ssl
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def imap_via_ip(user, app_pass, ip='[REDACTED-IP]'):
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s = socket.create_connection((ip, 993), timeout=10)
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ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
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s2 = ctx.wrap_socket(s, server_hostname='imap.gmail.com')
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m = imaplib.IMAP4()
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m.sock = s2
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m.login(user, app_pass)
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m.select('INBOX')
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return m
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```
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## Verification Code Extraction from Email Body
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Full RFC822 fetch + multipart body decode + regex code extraction. Use when
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auto-registering accounts that send verification codes via email.
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```python
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import imaplib, email as em, re
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def get_verification_code(imap_conn, timeout_sec=120):
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start = time.time()
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seen_ids = set()
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while time.time() - start < timeout_sec:
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imap_conn.select('INBOX')
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_, data = imap_conn.search(None, '(UNSEEN)')
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if data[0]:
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for eid in reversed(data[0].split()):
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eid_str = eid.decode() if isinstance(eid, bytes) else str(eid)
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if eid_str in seen_ids: continue
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seen_ids.add(eid_str)
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_, msg_data = imap_conn.fetch(eid, '(RFC822)')
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raw = msg_data[0][1]
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msg = em.message_from_bytes(raw)
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body = ''
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if msg.is_multipart():
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for part in msg.walk():
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if part.get_content_type() in ('text/plain', 'text/html'):
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try:
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payload = part.get_payload(decode=True)
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if payload: body += payload.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
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except: pass
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else:
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try:
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payload = msg.get_payload(decode=True)
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if payload: body = payload.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
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except: pass
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# Try HTML strong-tag alphanumeric codes first (aiqianshu pattern)
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codes = re.findall(r'<strong[^>]*>\s*([a-zA-Z0-9]{4,8})\s*</strong>', body)
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if not codes:
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# Fallback: plain digit codes
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codes = re.findall(r'\b(\d{4,8})\b', body)
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codes = [c for c in codes if not (2020 <= int(c) <= 2030)]
|
||
if codes:
|
||
return codes[0]
|
||
time.sleep(3)
|
||
return None
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### When HTML email contains multiple candidate codes
|
||
|
||
Do **not** assume the first `\d{6}` in the decoded HTML is the live OTP.
|
||
Transactional templates often contain:
|
||
- the real OTP in the visual code block,
|
||
- repeated copies of the same OTP in responsive/mobile markup,
|
||
- unrelated six-digit tracking/build numbers in CSS or template fragments.
|
||
|
||
Heuristic order:
|
||
1. Prefer a code extracted from the **subject line** when the sender uses `Your verification code is XXXXXX` style subjects.
|
||
2. Next prefer codes found in visually prominent OTP blocks (`otp-code`, `<strong>`, monospace headline spans, etc.).
|
||
3. Only then fall back to generic `\b\d{4,8}\b` extraction from the full body.
|
||
4. If multiple distinct candidates remain, prefer the **latest message** and the code that appears in OTP-specific markup more than once, not the first regex hit.
|
||
|
||
See `references/html-otp-parsing.md` for a compact decision tree and an example where naive `re.findall(...)[0]` picked the wrong code.
|
||
|
||
## Playwright-based Gmail Reader (when IMAP ports blocked)
|
||
|
||
Use Playwright to log into Gmail web interface and extract verification codes.
|
||
This is the most reliable fallback when IMAP port 993 is firewalled (common in
|
||
sandboxed environments). Requires: `pip install playwright && playwright install chromium`.
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
|
||
|
||
def playwright_gmail_get_code(email_addr, app_password, timeout_sec=120):
|
||
with sync_playwright() as p:
|
||
browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=True)
|
||
context = browser.new_context()
|
||
page = context.new_page()
|
||
try:
|
||
page.goto("https://mail.google.com/mail/", timeout=30000)
|
||
page.fill('input[type="email"]', email_addr)
|
||
page.click('button:has-text("Next")') or page.click('button:has-text("Далее")')
|
||
page.wait_for_timeout(3000)
|
||
page.fill('input[type="password"]', app_password)
|
||
page.click('button:has-text("Next")') or page.click('button:has-text("Далее")')
|
||
page.wait_for_timeout(5000)
|
||
start = time.time()
|
||
while time.time() - start < timeout_sec:
|
||
page.goto("https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#search/verification+code", timeout=15000)
|
||
page.wait_for_timeout(3000)
|
||
body_text = page.inner_text('body')
|
||
codes = re.findall(r'\b(\d{4,8})\b', body_text)
|
||
codes = [c for c in codes if not (2020 <= int(c) <= 2030)]
|
||
if codes: return codes[0]
|
||
time.sleep(5)
|
||
return None
|
||
finally:
|
||
browser.close()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Pitfall**: Google may block headless browser login with "Возможно, этот браузер или приложение небезопасны".
|
||
In that case, fall back to IMAP direct-IP or manual code entry.
|
||
|
||
## Cascading Email Code Extraction (robust pattern)
|
||
|
||
When building auto-registration systems, use this fallback chain:
|
||
1. Try **IMAP via direct IP** (fastest, most reliable when port open)
|
||
2. Fall back to **Playwright browser** (when IMAP port blocked)
|
||
3. Last resort: **manual input** (`input("Enter code: ")`)
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
code = None
|
||
try:
|
||
imap = imap_connect()
|
||
code = get_verification_code(imap, timeout_sec=120)
|
||
except:
|
||
code = playwright_gmail_get_code(email, app_pass, timeout_sec=120)
|
||
if not code:
|
||
code = input("Enter verification code: ").strip()
|
||
```
|